Never had I associated low hemoglobin, as in anaemia, to eye sight. Well, medical professionals confirm that one’s “retina may become damaged due to a lack of oxygen and leaking blood vessels,” due to low hemoglobin.

Empirical researchers advise that among people afflicted with diabetes. there is an association between anaemia and the eye condition, retinopathy – the leading cause of preventable blindness.

“There are several studies showing the role of anemia as an independent risk factor for diabetic retinopathy, particularly in population-based studies. Among them, Davis et al., demonstrated that, in Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study, low hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were independent baseline risk factors for the development of high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy and severe vision loss over a 5-year follow-up.” Alicia Traveset et al

Diabetes is taking root in Uganda. The number of those it afflicts is increasing as the proportion of Ugandans who are obese and overweight is on the increase. The proportion of Ugandans obese increased nearly eight times from 1.2 percent in 2016 to 9.3 percent in 2023; and those overweight doubled from 7.2 percent to 14.6 percent.

The association between low hemoglobin and eyesight was on my mind on Tuesday, 23^rd June 2024, when I visited Uganda Police Force Headquarters. And until I got to the main entrance and I saw the banner, I was unaware of Africa Public Service Day, commemorated on 23^rd June.

“Africa Public Service Day, which reflects on the virtue of public and community service, originates from the first Pan African Conference of Ministers of Public and Civil Service held in Tangier, Morocco in 1994.” Africa Reach

The atmosphere at Police Headquarters moved me to want to participate in their Africa Public Service Day commemoration activities, among them “a blood donation exercise.” A banner at the main entrance informed that “the Chief blood donor is the IGP (Inspector General of Police).” Indeed, “ the IGP and other senior officers led by example” and donated blood.

Officers of the Uganda Police Force donating blood (photo source: UPF on X)

When I was done with what had taken me to Police Headquarters, I found my way to the medical tent and offered to donate blood. I was warmly welcomed. The preliminary test was done to establish my hemoglobin level, at 12.8 it was within the range of normal for women, I was told. Honestly, I did not know what that meant at the time, but now I understand.

Hemoglobin is a protein in your red blood cells. Your red blood cells carry oxygen throughout your body. Oxygen powers your cells and gives you energy … For men, a normal level ranges between 14.0 grams per deciliter (gm/dL) and 17.5 gm/dL. For women, a normal level ranges between 12.3 gm/dL and 15.3 gm/dL. Cleveland Clinic

Then the nurse who was doing the preliminary check, asked for my birth date. When I told it to her, she stopped her pen. Apparently, even though I had okay hemoglobin to donate blood, at 56 years of age in August 2024, I am too old.

“In Uganda to donate blood, for women, you have to be at least 17 years of age and a maximum of 55 years; the latter if you have been donating regularly. Otherwise, if a woman has not been regularly donating blood, the maximum age for her to be allowed to donate blood is 50 years. This is because, within this age bracket, the body is still functioning well manufacturing blood. When one ages, above 55, their bodies capacity for manufacturing blood reduces. So, we do not accept blood donations from women above 55 years of age, because they need their blood for their elderly years – 60s, 80s, plus.” Haliimah Nabadda, Senior Nursing Officer, Nakasero Blood Bank.

Crushing disappointment for me. I suffered anaemia in the 1990s and 2000s. I had a fibroid which caused me to loose loads of blood during menstruation. Until the fibroid was surgically removed and I got better. During that time. at least on two occasions, I received blood transfusions, the blood that others had prior donated saved my life.

In the longer-term, diet related solutions for boosting and maintaining hemoglobin are advised. For example, for me, post my fibroid surgery I got to learn of hibiscus sabdariffa. I became a producer and a consumer of it to this day; because of it, from being one chronically anaemic I now have loads of blood, some of which I could afford to donate.

The last time I donated blood, was during a blood donation drive organised at my alma mater, Lake Victoria Primary School, on 2nd December 2023, when I was four months older than 55 years. An exception was made for me and I was allowed to donate.

According to World Health Organisation recommendations, I had hoped I still had a decade during which, age-wise, I qualify to donate blood. Sadly, that is not the case, I am no longer among the few Ugandan women who are able to donate blood.

“Many women come to blood donation drives wishing to donate, but they find themselves with low blood. They can’t donate. We are the mothers of the nation. We loose blood on a monthly basis, you know our periods. That means we have to take care of ourselves by eating a balanced diet – eating food rich in iron, most especially greens.” Haliimah Nabadda, Senior Nursing Officer, Nakasero Blood Bank.

Which got me thinking about the big picture of prevalence of anaemia among women in Uganda and the fact that the majority, 60 percent of Ugandans that are obese, overweight and diabetic, are women. Millions at risk to loose their eyesight if not made aware of preventable causes and they receive eye care services.

More mixed medical events/camps, such as the one organised by the Ministry of Public Service, in commemoration of Africa Public Service Day and held at Police Headquarters, are urgently need.

And so, I express our gratitude to our donors who have made a contribution to our project to champion the fight against preventable blindness among the poor and marginalized communities of Uganda, including organizing medical camps. We invite others to make a contribution in support of restoring eyesight and worth of poor people in rural Uganda. CLICK HER TO DONATE.

Thank you. 

More Reading:

• Africa Reach, “Africa Public Service Day – A brief Timeline”
• Alicia Traveset et al. in “Lower Hemoglobin Concentration Is Associated with Retinal Ischemia and the Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes”
• America Diabetes Association, “What is Retinopathy?”
• Cleveland Clinic, “Low Hemoglobin”
• CPAR Uganda, “Each time you donate blood you save three lives”
• Global Obesity Observatory – “Uganda Prevalence”
• Salome Tino et al., “Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Uganda—a descriptive retrospective study”
• Sharon Owamazima, “Public service ministry to offer medical services to slums”
• Sonia Kelly, OD, MS, “Understanding the impact of anemia on your eyes and vision”
• Samson Udhu et al., “Prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy and associated factors in northern Uganda: a cross-sectional study”